Ubutaka mbonekahacye, buzwi mu ndimi z’amahanga nka Rare Earth Elements (REEs), ni ibyuma biba mu butaka bigoye kuboneka mu buryo bworoshye no kubitunganya, ariko bikagira akamaro gakomeye mu buzima bw’isi y’ikoranabuhanga. Ubu butaka ni inkingi y’iterambere mu nganda zikora imodoka z’amashanyarazi, mudasobwa, intwaro zigezweho, imirasire y’umuyaga, ndetse n’ubuvuzi buhanitse.
Ese ubutaka mbonekahacye (REEs) mu by’ukuri ni ibiki?
Ni itsinda ry’ibyuma 17 byo mu itsinda rya lanthanides ku rutonde rwa Périodique, birimo:
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Neodymium (Nd), Dysprosium (Dy), Terbium (Tb): zikoreshwa mu gukora magnet zikomeye ziba muri moteri z’imodoka n’imirasire.
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Europium (Eu), Cerium (Ce), Yttrium (Y): zikoreshwa mu ecrans, amatara, lisansi, no gusukura ibyuka biva mu modoka.
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Promethium (Pm): ni radioactive, ikoreshwa muri bateri no mu bushakashatsi bw’ubuvuzi.
Aho akoreshwa cyane:
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Mu nganda z’imodoka z’amashanyarazi: magnet ya neodymium ifasha moteri gukora neza kandi idakenera lisansi.
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Mu bikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga: Telefone, televiziyo, mudasobwa n’amatara ya LED byose bikenera ubutaka mbonekahacye.
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Mu gisirikare: indege za gisirikare, radars, satellites n’amasasu byifashisha ubutaka mbonekahacye.
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Mu buvuzi: mu gukora MRI, imiti ya kanseri n’ibikoresho by’ubumenyi bihanitse.
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Mu ngufu zisubira: turbines z’imirasire n’umuyaga zikoresha magnet y’ubutaka mbonekahacye.
Kuki ari amabuye y’ingenzi ariko atoroheje?
Nubwo ubutaka mbonekahacye buboneka mu mu bihugu bitandukanye, haracyari ikibazo gikomeye ku:
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Ikoranabuhanga rihenze ryo kuyatunganya;
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Imiti ikoreshwa yangiza ibidukikije; ndetse n’Ubushobozi buke bwo kuyatunganyiriza imbere mu bihugu acukurwamo.
kugera ubu , Ubushinwa butunganya hejuru ya 85% by’aya mabuye ku isi yose, bikabuhesha ijambo rikomeye ku isoko mpuzamahanga. Ubu butaka mbonekahacye ntibuvugwa kenshi, ariko bufite uruhare rukomeye mu iterambere ry’isi y’ejo hazaza. Kububyaza umusaruro bisaba gufatanya ubushakashatsi, ubuhanga, ikoranabuhanga n’imiyoborere ishyira imbere agaciro k’imbere mu gihugu.
