Uko ubutaka, ikirere, ibinyabuzima n’imibereho y’abantu bihuzwa n’uturere ndangamiterere tune tw’igihugu
U Rwanda ni igihugu gito ariko gifite ubutaka butandukanye cyane ku buryo butangaje. Buri karere gafite imiterere yihariye y’imisozi, ibibaya, imigezi, amashyamba, izuba n’imvura, bigira ingaruka ku buhinzi, ku buzima, ku bukungu ndetse no ku bidukikije. Nk’uko ubushakashatsi bubigaragaza, u Rwanda rugabanyijemo uturere kamere tune (4 physiographic regions) dufite umwihariko:
1. Inkengero z’Ikivu
Iki ni igice gihana imbibi n’Ikiyaga cya Kivu ku nkengero z’u Burengerazuba, kigizwe n’imisozi ihanamye cyane n’amakoro aturuka ku iruka ry’ibirunga.
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Izuba n’Imvura: Aka gace kagwamo imvura nyinshi cyane (hejuru ya 1500 mm ku mwaka), bitewe n’ukuntu imisozi ireba ku ruhande rw’umuyaga uva ku Nyanja ya Atlantika, bigatuma hakabaho urusobe rwinshi rw’ibicu. Hava igipimo gito cy’izuba ku munsi.
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Ubuzima n’ibihaboneka: Ni agace karumbuka imbuto zitandukanye nka kawa, icyayi, ibinyomoro, ibinyampeke ndetse n’imboga. Ku nkengero z’ikiyaga, haboneka uburobyi (Amafi n’isambaza).
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Ibidukikije n’ibinyabuzima: Harangwa n’ishyamba rya Gishwati-Mukura, urusobe runini rw’inyamaswa zirimo inguge, ibisamagwe, n’inyoni zihariye.
2. Isunzu rya Nil–Congo
Aka ni agace gahanamye cyane ku rwego rw’igihugu, kagizwe n’imirunga y’Amajyaruguru (Karisimbi, Muhabura, Bisoke…), gahana imbibi na Uganda na DRC. Ni ho havubukira imigezi ijya muri Nil n’ijya muri Congo.
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Izuba n’Imvura: Harangwa n’imvura nyinshi iteganyijwe (1500–2000 mm), kandi izuba riraboneka mu gihe gito kubera igipimo kinini cy’ibicu. Imvura irushaho kwiyongera ku misozi miremire nko muri Musanze, Burera na Nyabihu.
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Ubuzima n’ibihaboneka: Haboneka cyane icyayi n’ibirayi ku misozi miremire, imboga mu mibaya, hamwe n’ubuhinzi bw’imbuto mu bisigaye.
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Ibidukikije n’ibinyabuzima: Aka gace karimo Pariki y’Ibirunga, ibamo ingagi zo mu misozi, inyenzi, ibisamagwe n’inyamaswa z’amoko menshi yihariye ku isi.
3. Udusozi n’Ibibaya byo Hagati
Iki gice kiri hagati mu gihugu, kirimo imisozi iciriritse, udusongero duto, n’ibibaya bihurirwamo n’imigezi minini nka Nyabarongo. Ni ho Kigali, umurwa mukuru w’igihugu, iherereye.
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Izuba n’Imvura: Imvura iri hagati (1000–1300 mm ku mwaka) kandi izuba riboneka ku rugero rwisumbuye, bigatuma hahingwa kenshi. Hari impinduka z’ikirere zigaragara kubera iterambere ry’imijyi n’ihindagurika ry’ubutaka.
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Ubuzima n’ibihaboneka: Ubu ni ubuso bukorerwaho ubuhinzi n’ubworozi busanzwe (ibigori, ibishyimbo, imboga, amatungo). Imijyi nk’i Kigali yihutisha ubucuruzi, inganda n’imirimo.
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Ibidukikije: Amashyamba yihariye arazimangana ariko hari utuyaga two mu misozi atuma hari ihindagurika ryoroshye ry’ikirere.
4. Imirambi n’Ibibaya byo mu Burasirazuba
Ni agace kari ku butumburuke bwo hasi cyane mu gihugu (kuva kuri 950 m), gafite imirambi, imigezi minini, ibiyaga bito byinshi, n’imisozi mike. Aka ni ko gace kanini mu gihugu ku buso.
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Izuba n’Imvura: Harangwa n’izuba ryinshi n’imvura nke ugereranyije n’utundi duce (800–1100 mm ku mwaka). Hari ubushyuhe bwinshi, cyane cyane mu turere nka Nyagatare, Kirehe na Bugesera.
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Ubuzima n’ibihaboneka: Hatunganywamo cyane ibigori, umuceri, ibinyamisogwe, amacunga, n’ubworozi bw’inka mu mirambi. Akagera National Park itanga ubukerarugendo bushingiye ku nyamaswa.
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Ibidukikije: Pariki y’Akagera irimo imbogo, intare, imparage, inkura n’andi moko y’inyamaswa z’agasozi. Hari ibiyaga nka Rweru, Sake, Nasho, Ihema.
Muri make, Uko utu turere dutandukanye, ni nako imiterere y’ikirere, ibimera n’inyamaswa bihaboneka, ndetse n’ibikorwa by’ubuzima bw’abantu bigenda binyurana. Ibi bituma politiki y’ubuhinzi, iy’imicungire y’amazi, iy’amashyamba ndetse n’iterambere ry’imijyi n’imidugudu bigomba guharanira gutegurwa hashingiwe ku miterere ya buri gace. Iri ni ishingiro ry’ubuhinzi burambye, kurengera ibidukikije no guhangana n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere.